Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Research Articles

RELATIONSHIP AMONG EXPERIENTIAL AVOIDANCE, COGNITIVE EMOTION REGULATION STRATEGIES, AND DEPRESSION

Depression is a prevalent psychiatric illness and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Experiential Avoidance (EA) and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies are significant predictors of depression, yet their interaction remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between experiential avoidance, CER strategies, and depression, while examining the arbitrating role of maladaptive CER strategies in the association between EA and depression. A purposive sample of N= 354 patients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder was recruited from three teaching hospitals. Following research and clinical ethics protocols, measures were administered. Results revealed that participants in the treatment group N=38 demonstrated statistically significant improvement in depression, general health, and quality of life, with sustained effects observed at 9 months post-baseline. Additionally, participants in the treatment group reported higher treatment satisfaction compared to the control group N=38. Spiritual-integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) shows promise in alleviating post-partum depression when compared to treatment as usual. Future research should explore the generalizability of these findings and investigate potential mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of spirituality-integrated CBT in treating depression.

Patterns of cognitive-emotional change after cognitive-behavioural treatment in emotional disorders: A 12-month longitudinal cluster analysis.

The aim of this study was to use cluster analysis based on the trajectory of five cognitive-emotional processes (worry, rumination, metacognition, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) over time to explore differences in clinical and performance variables in primary care patients with emotional symptoms. We compared the effect of adding transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioural therapy (TD-CBT) to treatment as usual (TAU) according to cluster membership and sought to determine the variables that predicted cluster membership. 732 participants completed scales about cognitive-emotional processes, anxiety and depressive symptoms, functioning, and quality of life (QoL) at baseline, posttreatment, and at 12 months. Longitudinal cluster analysis and logistic regression analyses were carried out. A two-cluster solution was chosen as the best fit, named as "less" or "more" improvement in cognitive-emotional processes. Individuals who achieved more improvement in cognitive-emotional processes showed lower emotional symptoms and better QoL and functioning at all three time points. TAU+TD-CBT, income level, QoL and anxiety symptoms were significant predictors of cluster membership. These results underscore the value of adding TD-CBT to reduce maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies. These findings highlight the importance of the processes of change in therapy and demonstrate the relevance of the patient's cognitive-emotional profile in improving treatment outcomes.

Inhibition and Activation Systems of Behavior and Suicide Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation

Objective: This study aimed to predict suicide attempts based on behavioral activation and inhibition systems (BAS/BIS) with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies among adolescents of Abyek City. Materials and methods: The research methodology was descriptive-correlational. The cluster sampling method was used, and the resulting sample included 194 adolescents who responded to the BAS/BIS questionnaire (Carver & White, 1994), CER questionnaire, and Beck scale for suicide ideation. Path analysis was employed to evaluate the proposed model using AMOS 24.0 and SPSS 27 softwares. Results: The findings indicate that the proposed model is fitted with the data well. The results of path analysis showed that the BAS/BIS systems explain 27% of the variance of maladaptive CER and 61% of the variance of adaptive CER. In addition, maladaptive CER, BAS, and BIS explain 65% of the variance of suicide attempts. Conclusion: Low levels of BAS, high levels of BIS, and the use of maladaptive CER skills can be considered risk factors for suicide attempts in adolescents.

Neural mechanism of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation in patients with non-suicidal self-injury

BackgroundThe incidence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been on the rise in recent years. Studies have shown that people with NSSI have difficulties in emotion regulation and cognitive control. In addition, some studies have investigated the cognitive emotion regulation of people with NSSI which found that they have difficulties in cognitive emotion regulation, but there was a lack of research on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and related neural mechanisms. MethodsThis study included 117 people with NSSI (age = 19.47 ± 5.13, male = 17) and 84 non-NSSI participants (age = 19.86 ± 4.14, male = 16). People with NSSI met the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, and non-NSSI participants had no mental or physical disorders. The study collected all participants' data of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore the differences in psychological performance and brain between two groups. Afterwards, Machine learning was used to select the found differential brain regions to obtain the highest correlation regions with NSSI. Then, Allen's Human Brain Atlas database was used to compare with the information on the abnormal brain regions of people with NSSI to find the genetic information related to NSSI. In addition, gene enrichment analysis was carried out to find the related pathways and specific cells that may have differences. ResultsThe differences between NSSI participants and non-NSSI participants were as follows: positive refocusing (t = −4.74, p < 0.01); refocusing on plans (t = −4.11, p < 0.01); positive reappraisal (t = −9.22, p < 0.01); self-blame (t = 6.30, p < 0.01); rumination (t = 3.64, p < 0.01); catastrophizing (t = 9.10, p < 0.01), and blaming others (t = 2.52, p < 0.01), the precentral gyrus (t = 6.04, pFDR < 0.05) and the rolandic operculum (t = −4.57, pFDR < 0.05). Rolandic operculum activity was negatively correlated with blaming others (r = −0.20, p < 0.05). Epigenetic results showed that excitatory neurons (p < 0.01) and inhibitory neurons (p < 0.01) were significant differences in two pathways, “trans-synaptic signaling” (p < −log108) and “modulation of chemical synaptic transmission” (p < −log108) in both cells. ConclusionsPeople with NSSI are more inclined to adopt non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Rolandic operculum is also abnormally active. Abnormal changes in the rolandic operculum of them are associated with non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Changes in the excitatory and inhibitory neurons provide hints to explore the abnormalities of the neurological mechanisms at the cellular level of them.Trial registration number NCT04094623

중년기 은퇴불안이 심리적 안녕감에 이르는 적응과정

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of each variable by applying the Double ABC-X model to the adaptation process from middle-aged retirement anxiety to psychological well-being. Methods: Collected data from 361 working middle-aged were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 23.0. Results: T he accumulated stressors(aA), resources(bB), cognitions(cC), coping, and adaptation(xX) variables of the model were substituted with middle-aged retirement anxiety(aA), self-efficacy(bB), emotional awareness clarity(cC), adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy(coping), and psychological well-being(xX). The study results were as follows: first, aA was found to have a negative direct effect on bB, cC, and coping. Second, bB and cC in the middle-aged had a direct positive(+) effect on coping. Third, bB, cC, and coping in the middle-aged had a direct positive(+) effect on xX. Final, the aA indirectly affects psychological well-being through bB, cC, and coping, and bB and cC have an indirect effect on xX through coping. As a result of confirming the goodness of fit of the Double ABC-X model, the goodness of fit for the structural model of this study was CMIN/DF=1.940, GFI=.955, AGFI=.926, RMR=.034, RMSEA=.054, NFI=.945, CFI=.972, TLI=.961, which met the acceptance criteria, and as a result of pathway analysis, all 8 pathways were found to be significant at the p&lt;.05 or higher level. Conclusion/Implications: As the influence of the variables applied from the Double ABC-X model is all significant, it is meaningful that the adaptation process of middle-aged retirement anxiety to psychological well-being was explained using the Double ABC-X model. In addition, the importance and application of cognitive emotion regulation strategy intervention were discussed and suggested.

고등학생의 인지정서조절전략이 또래괴롭힘 피해에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study is designed to verify the mediating effect of social support in the circumstances that cognitive emotion regulation strategy of high school students influences victimization of peer bullying.&#x0D; Methods The subjects for this study were a total of 471 high schoolers residing in Seoul, Jeollabuk-do province and Jeju-do province. Windows SPSS 21.0 was applied for the data analysis such as reliablity anaysis and descrptive statistics. In order to anayze the mediating effect, Baron and Kenny method was adopted as analysis strategy for testing mediation hypotheses through three regressions.&#x0D; Results Firstly, cognitive emotion regulation strategy of high school students showed negative correlation with victimization of peer bullying while showing positive correation with social support. In addition, victimization of peer bullying displayed negative correation with social support. Secondly, it was proved that social support functioned as full mediator in the circumstaces that cognitive emotion regulation strategy affects victimization of peer bullying.&#x0D; Conclusions Through the research results we could propose a measure for high schoolers who plead they are victim of peer bullying: to help them utilize cognitive emotion regulation strategy and arrange a counter-measure to reduce peer bullying through enhancing social support.&#x0D;

The role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in predicting the resilience, symptom severity, and quality of life of patients with irritable bowel syndrome

BackgroundPsychosocial stressors contribute to the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and exacerbate the symptoms. The capability to cope with stress is an essential element in the management of IBS. This study assessed nine cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS) and their role in predicting symptom severity, quality of life (QOL), and resilience in IBS subjects. MethodsThe scores regarding nine subscales of CERS were obtained by cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ) and compared between study patients based on the severity and subtypes of IBS using one-way ANOVA. To evaluate the predictive role of CERS, logistic regression was performed. The correlation between CERS and the QOL was assessed by Pearson correlation analysis. The score of resilience was measured by Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). ResultsWe recruited 100 patients diagnosed with IBS based on ROME IV criteria. Among nine subscales of CERS, patients with more severe symptoms scored higher in catastrophizing (p < 0.001) and blaming others (p = 0.015) while lower in positive reappraisal (p = 0.028). Blaming others was the only predictor of resilience and severity of IBS in our patients (odds ratio (OR): -2.103, p=0.028, and OR:1.715, p = 0.049, respectively). We observed significant negative correlations between the quality of life and rumination (r= -0.202, p=0.044), self-blame (r= -0.241, p=0.016), catastrophizing (r= -0.342, p<0.001), and blaming others (r= -0.219, p=0.028). ConclusionMaladaptive strategies are more common in IBS patients with more severe symptoms and have negative correlations with the QOL. Blaming others has the potential to predict the resilience and severity of symptoms in IBS patients.

Psychological Distress During COVID-19: Its Association With Stress, Emotion Regulation, and Sleep

Background and Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to an increase in psychological distress and mental disorders worldwide. The objectives of this study were to investigate the correlates of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore whether the relationship between stress and psychological distress was mediated by cognitive emotion regulation strategies and sleep.Methods Four hundred ninety-six university students completed the Mental Health Inventory, the Insomnia Scale, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Perceived Stress Scale.Results Female gender and younger age were related to stress, sleep difficulties, and psychological distress. Stress was positively correlated with psychological distress and these two variables were associated with sleep difficulties, negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies (both positively), and positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (inversely). In mediation analyses, there was a statistically significant positive direct/indirect impact of stress on psychological distress. The indirect pathways linking stress to psychological distress were: through an increase in negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies or a reduction in positive ones; through sleep difficulties; and through negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies and sleep. Female gender had a positive impact on sleep difficulty index, negative cognitive emotion regulation, and psychological distress.Conclusions The cognitive-emotional arousal associated with stress, as well as the maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation to cope with stress, may be implicated in the genesis and maintenance of sleep difficulties and distress during the pandemic. Strategies that include stress management, emotional self-regulation, and sleep hygiene should be implemented to promote the mental/psychological well-being of university students in future public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

The relationship between motivation profiles for health-oriented physical activity, basic psychological needs and emotional regulation.

The study of motivation toward health-oriented physical activity helps to know the reasons that guide people to practice physical activity. Moreover, different types and levels of motivation may coexist. As such, this paper aimed to analyze the combination of motivation for health-oriented physical activity profiles and examine whether profiles differed in emotional regulation and basic psychological needs. A sample of 808 Spanish adults between 18 and 65 years old (Mage = 33.90; Standard Deviation = 12.91; 366 men) participated in a cross-sectional study. Results revealed the existence of three different motivational profiles: (a) Low scores in self-determined motivation and average-high scores in non-self-determined motivation; (b) Average scores in self-determined and non-self-determined motivation; (c) High scores in self-determined motivation and average-high in non-self-determined motivation. Furthermore, participants differed in the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and cognitive-emotional regulation strategies depending on the profiles combination that they perceive. In conclusion, practitioners need to enhance an optimal combination of motivation profiles to satisfy better basic psychological needs and the use of functional cognitive-emotional regulation strategies since this could help improve psychological and emotional health in adults.

Characteristics and risk factors of Health-Related Risky behaviors in adolescents with Depression

BackgoundTo explore the characteristics and risk factors for health-related risky behaviours (HRRBs) in adolescents with depression.MethodsA total of 136 adolescents aged 12–18 years who met the diagnostic criteria for depression, and 272 healthy controls. All the subjects were assessed with the Adolescent Health-Related Risky Behavior Inventory (AHRBI), and the AHRBI scores of the two groups were compared with the Mann–Whitney U test. The depression group was assessed with the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU), and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACES II-CV). Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to explore the risk factors for HRRBs in adolescents with depression.ResultsThe AHRBI total score and five-factor scores of self-injury and suicide (SS), aggression and violence (AV), rule-breaking (RB), smoking and drinking (SD), and health-compromising behavior (HCB) in the depression group were higher than those in the control group. The severity of anxiety, catastrophizing, cognitive emotional regulation strategy (self-blame and blaming of others), the frequency of depression, physical neglect, and sexual abuse all increased the risk of HRRBs in adolescents with depression, and paternal emotional warmth and understanding had protective effects.ConclusionFirst, depressed adolescents exhibited significantly more HRRBs than healthy adolescents. Second, there are many risk factors for HRRBs in adolescents with depression, and the risk factors for different types of HRRBs are also different.

Childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents: Moderated mediation effect of perceived social support and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies

BackgroundAlthough previous studies have shown that childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for adolescent suicidal ideation, less is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this association. ObjectiveThe current study aimed to investigate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation among adolescents, as well as the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (maladaptive CERSs) and the moderating role of perceived social support. MethodsIn a cross-sectional design, 4005 adolescents (Mage = 14.24 years, SD = 1.53; 49.0 % males) completed self-report questionnaires regarding childhood maltreatment, maladaptive CERSs, perceived social support and suicidal ideation, along with their basic information. ResultsAfter controlling for gender, family location, family structure, and depression, childhood maltreatment was positively related to adolescent suicidal ideation, and maladaptive CERSs were found to mediate this association. Moderated mediation analyses revealed that perceived social support buffered the associations between maladaptive CERSs and adolescent suicidal ideation. ConclusionsThe findings assist in understanding the mechanisms of maladaptive CERSs and perceived social support in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation and can provide new perspectives for researchers designing interventions for suicidal ideation.

Individual differences in environmental sensitivity: associations between cognitive emotion regulation and mental health.

Environmental sensitivity is defined as the ability to perceive and process internal and external information. Previous studies have suggested that mental health-related factors differ by sensitivity level. This study aimed to investigate whether environmental sensitivity moderates the associations between cognitive emotion regulation strategies (e.g., rumination and blaming others) and mental health. In this three-wave longitudinal study, participants (N = 1,233, 585, and 349 at Times 1, 2, and 3, respectively) completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-short and Kessler 10 scale at all the measurement points as well as the 10-item version of the Highly Sensitive Person scale and some covariates only at Time 1. Latent growth model analyses indicated that the blaming others strategy had contrastive effects on changes in mental health by sensitivity level; the increase in refocusing on planning was associated with improved mental health over time only for highly sensitive individuals; and the rumination and catastrophizing strategies were the most important risk factors for mental health problems, although their effects differed slightly by sensitivity level. The associations between some of the cognitive strategies and mental health differ by environmental sensitivity level. Future investigations based on individual differences in sensitivity could provide innovative insights into practices.

아동기 학대 경험이 신체화에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the dual mediating effects of clarity on emotional awareness and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy between childhood abuse, somatization in adulthood.&#x0D; Methods The result of 291 adults between the ages of 20 and 59 were distrivuted to scales of childhood trauma, somatization, clarity on emotional awareness, and cognitive emotion regulation strategy. Descriptive statics, Pearson’s correlation analysis and dual mediation analysis analyzed data via SPSS 25.0, Process Macro 6 model.&#x0D; Results First, childhood abuse experience, somatization, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy were positively correlated with each other, and these three variables were negatively correlated with clarity on emotional awareness. Second, in the relationship between childhood abuse experience and somatization, clarity on emotional awareness and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy showed a dual mediating effect. This means that the higher childhood abuse experience, the higher level of somatization in relationship, the clearer the emotional awareness as an emotional factor, and the less maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy are adopted as a cognitive factor, the lower the somatization.&#x0D; Conclusions These findings indicate that it suggests factors for counseling psychological intervention in somatization due to childhood abuse experiences by revealing the dual mediating effect of clarity on emotional awareness and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy on the effects of childhood abuse experiences and adult somatization. Limitations and recommendations for future research are presented.&#x0D;

Cognitive Regulation Strategies Used by Children with Reading Difficulties.

(1) Background: Children with reading difficulties may experience negative emotions and social isolation. The cognitive emotion regulation strategies that they use in different reading tasks can make them more vulnerable in the stressful situations. Using adaptative emotion regulation strategies may help them overcome stressful reading situations. (2) Methods: Children identified with poor reading comprehension skills were compared to children without reading comprehension difficulties on measures of self-evaluation and thought in relation to task, and on cognitive coping strategies relevant to performance. The effect of some relevant demographic factors was also investigated, such as gender and urban/rural setting. (3) Results: Our results indicate that children that have poor reading comprehension skills present higher scores on negative self- evaluation and off-task thoughts that are in relation to performance anxiety. Also, in what concerns cognitive coping strategies, students with difficulties in reading comprehension display a greater use of blaming others strategy, which is in relation to the negative self-evaluations. Also, they displayed less use of putting into perspective. No effect of gender and setting emerged for off and on task thoughts and cognitive coping strategies, except for lower scores of students from rural setting in positive self-evaluation. (4) Conclusions: students presenting difficulties in reading comprehension tend to use more negative self-statements and disengagement through off-task thoughts and employ coping strategies directed to protect self-worth.

아동상담자의 불확실성에 대한 인내력 부족과 심리적 소진의 관계에서 인지적 정서조절 전략의 매개효과

This study examined the mediating effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies between child counselor’s intolerance of uncertainty and psychological burnout. The subjects of the study were 216 child counselors, and the collected data was analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS Macro. As a result of the study, first, adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation had the significant partial mediating effect on the relationship between the intolerance of uncertainty and psychological burnout. Second, as a result of verifying mediating effect on the cognitive emotion regulation classifying novice and expert child counselors based on 3 years, novice group’s adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation had the significant partial mediating effect on the relationship between the intolerance of uncertainty and psychological burnout. On the other hand, in the case of expert group, only maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation had the significant partial mediating effect. This study tried to find counselor factors that affect psychological burnout of child counselors. Finally, the limitations and suggestions for future study were discussed.

The effect of childhood trauma on depression in college students: A moderated mediation model

ObjectiveChildhood trauma is considered as a critical risk factor for depression. Although many studies have investigated the pathway of Childhood trauma to depression, especially the mediating or moderating effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies or neuroticism or stress perception, the results were inconsistent and the underlying psychological mechanisms of depression remain unclear. This study aims to explore the influence and mechanism of childhood trauma on depression in college students, and establish a full model among these interactive factors. Methods1272 college students were surveyed using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), short version of center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D), Chinese perceived stress scale (CPSS), neuroticism extraversion openness five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Results(1) Childhood trauma, neuroticism, stress perception, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were all significantly and positively correlated with depression among college students; (2) Stress perception and neuroticism act as a chain mediator between childhood trauma and depression in college students. (3) Maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies play a moderating role in “childhood trauma-neuroticism-depression”. ConclusionChildhood trauma increases the risk of depression in college students by affecting neuroticism and stress perception, and high levels of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies link neuroticism and enhance the effect of childhood trauma on depression in college students.

Emotion Regulation Use Varies Across Socioecological Levels of Pandemic Stress in Older Adults

ABSTRACT Objectives COVID-19 escalated stress within family/neighborhood (local) and national/cultural (global) levels. However, the impact of socioecological levels of stress on pandemic emotion regulation remains largely unexplored. Methods Thirty older adults from the Northeast US (63–92 years) reported on pandemic stress and emotion regulation in semi-structured interviews. Responses were coded into socioecological sources of local and global stress, and associated use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies from the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was explored. Results Older adults experienced significant distress at global levels, and perception of lacking top-down safety governance may have exacerbated local distress of engaging in daily activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants endorsed coping with local stressors via perspective-taking, acceptance, and other adaptive strategies, while global sources of stress were associated with greater use of maladaptive strategies, including other-blame and rumination. Conclusion Quantitative assessments may underestimate significant older adult distress and maladaptive coping toward global stressors. Findings should be replicated with more diverse populations beyond the COVID-19 context.

Verbal, physical and relational aggression: individual differences in emotion and cognitive regulation strategies

Cognitive and emotion regulation strategies play an influential role in the display of aggression, however much of this research has failed to identify specific regulation strategies related to aggression. The study’s objective was to assess how emotional processes and the habitual use of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies are associated with trait aggression. Participants (N = 306; Mage = 33.79; SD = 13.29), completed a self-report survey battery assessing four subtypes of trait aggression (physical, verbal and romantic relational and peer-directed relational), emotion (anger, hostility) and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (blaming others, blaming self, ruminating, catastrophizing). Results indicated that anger and hostility (the emotion based variables) had greater influence on all subtypes of trait aggression (physical, verbal, and relational aggression), compared to cognitive emotion regulation strategies which had less of an influence. Blaming others had a positive association with physical and peer directed relational aggression. Low levels of rumination were associated with physical aggression, while low levels of self-blame were associated with peer directed relational aggression. Findings suggest that maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies have differential impact on different forms of aggressive behavior.

The Role of Emotion Regulation as a Mediator Between Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Aggression and Bullying Behavior in Motorcyclists with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be a cause of criminal behavior, affecting various aspects of an individual's mental health. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of difficulties in emotion regulation on psychiatric symptoms among patients with mild TBI. Methods: This research was a retrospective cohort study that included 120 motorcyclists with mild TBI referred to the psychiatric clinic of Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam, during a 23-month period from January 2017 to March 2019. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with P &lt; 0.05. Results: The results of AMOS analyses revealed a direct path from maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and an indirect path from adaptive cognitive emotion regulation to the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation (DERS), bullying behavior, and aggression in 120 motorcyclists with TBI. Conclusions: Reducing TBI rates, which is a major public health necessity, may have benefits in terms of reducing crime and improving clinical services.

The effects of working memory training on attention deficit, adaptive and non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation of Chinese children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) poses cognitive and emotional challenges for Chinese children. This study addresses the potential benefits of Working Memory Training for ADHD-affected children. Understanding its impact on Attention, cognitive regulation, and emotional responses is crucial for tailored interventions in the Chinese context. The Trial Registration Number (TRN) for this study is [TRN-2023-123,456], and it was officially registered on July 15, 2023, by Changchun Normal University. This study investigated how Working Memory training influences Attention, adaptive cognitive regulation, and non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation in Chinese children with ADHD. It also assessed changes in attentional focus, improvements in adaptive cognitive regulation, and alterations in non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. This quasi-experimental study aimed to assess the impact of working memory training on Chinese children with ADHD. Using pretest-posttest measures, 120 female students underwent Cogmed software training, targeting attention deficits and cognitive emotion regulation. Three reliable instruments measured outcomes. The procedure involved informed consent, questionnaires, 25 training sessions, and a two-month follow-up. Statistical analyses, including repeated measures ANOVA, assessed training effects. ANOVA revealed a significant impact of Working memory training on attention deficit. Repeated measures ANOVA for cognitive emotion regulation indicated positive changes in adaptive and non-adaptive strategies over time, with sustained improvements in self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, and blaming others. Bonferroni follow-up tests showed significant differences between pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, favoring the post-test and follow-up tests. In summary, this research sheds light on the positive impact of memory training on Attention and cognitive emotion regulation in children with ADHD. The study underscores the potential of working memory interventions, particularly software-focused approaches, in enhancing attention levels and improving cognitive emotion regulation. The findings align with existing literature emphasizing the role of working memory deficits in ADHD. Practically, incorporating memory training interventions into educational settings emerges as a viable strategy to support children with ADHD. This includes integrating memory training programs into both classroom activities and home-based interventions. Additionally, sustained implementation and long-term follow-up assessments are crucial for maximizing the effectiveness of memory training interventions. Tailoring interventions to specific ADHD subtypes and seamlessly integrating memory training activities into daily routines offer practical and personalized solutions for managing ADHD symptoms in diverse settings.